Ahmad Reza Yazdanbakhsh; Anoushiravan Mohseni bandpei; Abotaleb Bay; Mahdi Sadeghi
Abstract
Background and Aims: Swimming pools and Jacuzzis as sports and recreational centers are used by many people in different ages and classes. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between physicochemical characteristics and microbial contamination in Jacuzzi water and swimming pools ...
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Background and Aims: Swimming pools and Jacuzzis as sports and recreational centers are used by many people in different ages and classes. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between physicochemical characteristics and microbial contamination in Jacuzzi water and swimming pools in Golestan province. Materials and Methods: In the present cross-sectional study with descriptive-analytic approach, eight indoor swimming pool and Jacuzzi were chosen to be investigated in the Golestan province. Biological (Total coliform, E.coli, Streptococcus, Pseudomonas) and physiochemical parameters (temperature, pH, turbidity, free chlorine residual) were performed according to standard methods. Results: The obtained results showed a significant and positive correlation between turbidity and Pseudomonas in swimming pools (p=0.017). However, no significant relationship was observed between turbidity and other microorganisms. Also, it was revealed that there was a significant and positive correlation between total coliforms and fecal streptococci in the Jacuzzis . Beside an inverse relationship was found btween the free residual chlorine and indicator organisms. Conclusions:There is a high dispersion between microbial contamination and physicochemical variables in pools and Jacuzzis. In other wordو pools and Jacuzzis are very clean on some days and on some others, they are too polluted from the aspect of microorganisms’ presence and turbidity.. This indicates that there is no appropriate operation for pools and Jacuzzis in proportion of swimmer numbers and disinfection rate.
Mahdi Sadeghi; Kaveh Khosravi; Seyed Mostafa Khezri; Abotaleb Bay
Abstract
Background and objective: Today, with the development, the need for water in the production processes is increasing and so we have sewage with high level of pollution. This study aimed at determining the effectiveness of electrocoagulation for treatment of dairy industry wastewater in a continuous flow ...
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Background and objective: Today, with the development, the need for water in the production processes is increasing and so we have sewage with high level of pollution. This study aimed at determining the effectiveness of electrocoagulation for treatment of dairy industry wastewater in a continuous flow (case study wastewater of Sabah cheese factory Gonbad-e Qabus). Materials & Methods: This study was descriptive and analytical with experimental approach. The samples were collected from Sabah dairy factory and put into the electrocoagulation reactor with continuous flow. At retention times of 20, 40 and 60 minutes with an electric current of voltages 20, 40 and 60 were purged. The samples were carried to the laboratory and various tests of COD, BOD, pH, turbidity, nitrate and phosphate were done. Then the results were compared and analyzed. Results: The mean of COD, BOD, nitrates, phosphorus and turbidity was 4933 ± 231, 600 ± 50, 48.6 ± 14.8, 28 ± 0.7 mg/L and1329 ± 297.6 NTU respectively. The most removal efficiency of these parameters during the study was 84.62, 66.67,55, 54.2 and 85.1 percent respectively. Conclusion:This study showed that electrocoagulation process as a pre-treatment process can remove organic matters, turbidity and nutrients. It can also reduce organic load and increase wastewater biodegradability and it can be an effective option for treating wastewater effectively and thereby preventing pollution in our environment and water resources.
Elahe Rezaie; Mahdi Sadeghi; Ghodratollah Shams Khoramabadi
Abstract
Background and objective: One of the major environmental problems of municipal landfill is leachate. Electrochemical methods are considered for the treatment of leachate. This study aimed at the treatment of landfill leachate electrochemical method using a platinum electrode and graphite based on a laboratory ...
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Background and objective: One of the major environmental problems of municipal landfill is leachate. Electrochemical methods are considered for the treatment of leachate. This study aimed at the treatment of landfill leachate electrochemical method using a platinum electrode and graphite based on a laboratory scale. Materials & Methods: In this study, the equipment for electrochemical reactor included an anode electrode made of platinum and a cathode electrode made of graphite. Chromium and organic matter removal percentage in the electric current density range of 1, 2, 3, 4 A and reaction time of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 hours were surveyed. Results: The results showed that electrical coagulation process can increase removal of organic matter and heavy metals and by increasing the time the removal of COD and BOD and chromium will increase. Meanwhile, the rate of degradation wills elevates. By increasing the intensity of electric current, the time required to achieve the same removal efficiency is reduced and by reducing the amount of electrical current, the required time increases. Conclusion:The results indicated that electrochemical process, by using a platinum electrode and graphite is a method for treating wastewater containing heavy metals, BOD and COD .Elerochemical process as a pre-treatment process can remove organic matters, heavy metals. It also reduces the organic load and increases the degradation of sewage. The method can be used as an effective option for the treatment of sewage, prevention of environmental pollution, and protection of water supplies.
Mahdi Sadeghi; Bay Abotaleb; Naser Bay; Nafiseh Soflaie; Mohammad Hadi Mehdinejad; Morteza Mallah
Abstract
Background & Objective: water, urban, industrial and agricultural centers are usually held near rivers. Surface water sources over other sources of water pollution are more at risk. The goal of this study was to evaluate the quality of the Zaringol River and the impact of agricultural drainage water ...
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Background & Objective: water, urban, industrial and agricultural centers are usually held near rivers. Surface water sources over other sources of water pollution are more at risk. The goal of this study was to evaluate the quality of the Zaringol River and the impact of agricultural drainage water was designed and implemented. Materials & Methods: In regard to agricultural activity around the Zaringol river stations studied and the samples from agricultural drainage water and streams in summer and autumn period specified were taken. NSF WQI index parameters including 9 parameter dissolved oxygen, fecal coliform, pH, BOD, temperature, phosphate, nitrate, turbidity, total dissolved solids, which were measured by using standard methods. Results: The results from the study showed that the index based on NSF WQI for all stations were between 54 to 61. Agricultural water drainage WQI index is between 45-37 that according to the index is poor quality. Conclusion: According to the NSF WQI index indicated that water quality in the river is moderate. But agricultural drainage water quality is bad and affects the quality of river water. Due to the relatively high levels of water quality in the middle class of nutrients, especially nitrates, coliform presence of E.coli that drainage water from agricultural and recreational activities in the upstream station is monitored.